Internal-combustion engine.



A G. E. SH'ADALL INTERNAL' coMBUsTIoN ENGINE.

AIPLIACATION FILED AUG. 8. 1904. j. l I Y Patented Sept 22, 1908.'-

. 2 SHEBTBvSHEET l- 0.2. SHAD'ALL. fl -.-f INTERNAL con'BUsTIoN ENGINE, Y

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 8,'1904.

z SHEETS-salam 2Q l y UNITED STATES PATENT GFFIC `\.l". CHARLES E. snxDALL, or MILWAUKEE, Wisconsin, ASSIGNOR, BY Dinner AND Mt@ ASSIGNMexTS, or ose-FOURTH To .snr-:Immer: nnonnerren, or mm1-leken, v eoNSiNv, .im Oxa-FOURTH 'ro raam n. nomini, or wwwarosa, wrscoxsIN.

INTERNAL-commencer miente; f

n No. 899,136.

specifica-senor retten; Patent.

. Patented sept. 2 2, 190s.

Application mea Augisc s, 1904. Sel-iai No. 219,871.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. SHADALL, citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of llilwaule and State of Wisconsin, `have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accom anying drawing, forming a part thereoi).

This invention relates to engines which are actuated by the expansive force of' an exploded mixture of gas or oil vapor and air or inert gas. u

'lhc main objects of the invention are to regulate or vary the speed of the engine automatically or manually by gradually varying the relative proportions of explosive mixturcl and air or inert gas admitted into the cylinder, to obtain. a high thermal eliiciency by producing a high and approximately constant compression of the explosive mixture for varying s iceds or loads, to avoid shock or jar by exp oding varying Volumes of the explosive mixture at regular intervals without intermission, and generally to improve the construction and operation of engines of this class.

It consists in certain novel features of construction and in the peculiar arrangement and combinations of=perts hereinafter particularly described and pointed out in the claims. In the accom anying drawing like characters designate t 1e same parts in the several figures.

Figure 1 is a plan view and horizontal scction of an engine embodying the invention;

i". Fig. 2 is a Side elevation of the same 3 Figs. 3

and 4 are sections of the valve mechanism on the lines 3 3 and -l 4 respectively of Fig. 1; l1`igs. 5, 6, 7 and S are an end view, cross sections on thc lines 6 6 and 7 of Fig. 8, and a longitudinal section of a modification of the valve mechanism; -Fig. 9 is an indicator diagra-m illustrating the opera-tion of the engine rovided with valve mechanism as shown in figs. 1, 3 and 4; and Fig. 10 is a similar diagram illustrating the operation of the engine provided with valve mechanism as shown in Figs. to 8 inclusive.

For the purpose ef illustrating and explaining the invention, a four cycle explosive cngine is shown, in whi a is the cylinder, b the piston and c the crankshaft. Y

d and e' are earns 4formed with or attached to a gear j; meshing with a-smaller gear g on the crank shaft, the ratio of the gear f to the l gear g being as 2 to l, so that theeams will e turned one revolution to every two revolu' tions of the crank shaft.

h is the exhaust valve, seated by a spring' I and arrane'ed to be opened by the cam d.

j is a 'cylindrical valve chamber Acornrnunisupply connection il' and an explosive mixture supnly connection l.

'm is a iollow c lindrical valve provided at' the outer end wit a crank arm n and having two ports o and p, in constant conununiea.-e

tion with the air and explosive mixture supply connections k and l, which ane extended as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, inside of the valve 'case, to communicate with the ports o and p within the limits of their movement.

g is a hollow regulating cylinder tted to turn in the valve m and provided with two ports? and s, which are arrangedl to register one at a time with the ports o and p in the valve. .This cylinder communicates 'at its inner end with the passage leading into the engine cylinder a, and is provided at its outer end, which is closed, with a crank arm t, which may be connected ivi th a governor. or pressure regulator of the usual kind suitable for the purpose of automatically regulating the enine, or it may be adjusted manually. The va. ve arm n is connected by a link withV a lever u, which carries a roller or has a proj ection in the path of the cam e; or the valve m may be operated synchronously with the movement of the piston b by any other suit;- able connection. C

'v is an .inwardly opening check valve, normally seatedby a spring w in the passage leading from the regulating valve mechanism into thecylinder a.

With the form of valve mechanism above described the enffne operates as follows: For thel greatest load Vorhighest speed,`the regulating cylinder g is turned to the extremo p are y opened by t closed by the cylinder q. As the piston ail or constant under varying conditions, whatmoves towards the crank shaftthe valve 'in is turned to the left, carrying its port p mimediately over and into register with the port s,

-thereby admitting an explosive mixture of gas or oil vapor and air into the regulating cylinder, thence through the conneetlng passage by the cncck valve yv into the cylinder abehind the iston, the check valve being lrie parta.l vacuum produced in the cylinder b v the suction stroke of the pistou. Y

l'n the above mentioned ino y'ement of the valve. m its air port o is carried away from the correspondingr port r in the regulating eylinder q, so that no air will be admitted into the engine cylinder under the conditions stated,

' but said cylinder will be'lilled with explosive mixture at. ora little below atinos herie pressure. I pon the return stroke ofi ie piston the check valve o being closed by the y spring il), the charge is highly compressed and n ally or otherwise, to the left.

exploded at the proper time in the usual way by any suitable means, such as an electric 's iark. 'Ihe explosion thus produced forces l io piston back towards the crank shaft, iinparting a powerful impulse. thereto, in vthe usual mann-er in 'this class of engines. During the next return stroke of the piston the exhaust valve i is opened by the cam tl and tliespent chargeis ex ielled from the cylinder. During the next s! rolte of the piston towards the crank shaft, a fresh chaige is drawn into the cylinder and the cycle of operations above described follows.

To maintain an approximately constant speed in case of a decrease of load or to decrease the speed in ease of a constant load, the regulating cylinder q is turned by its governor connection, or 4b v other means, manu- This carries the'port'v i' into position to permit the opening et' the air port o more or less at the beginning ofthe suction stroke of the piston and at the same time carries the port s into position to close the. mixture port p during a corresponding part of the suction stroke 'of the piston. Under these conditions the movement of the valve -m to the left during the suction' strolt of the piston operates to first admit air into the cylinder a and then the explosive mixture. The volume of the explosive mixture beingr thus cut down, the force of the explo sion is correspondingly decreased, thereby tending either to maintain av constant speed under decreased load, or to'dizninishthespeed under a: constant load. By turning the regulating cylinder m. from its exreiiie position at the right to its extreme position at the left, the admission of explosive mixture is-gradu.- ally reduced, while the admission of air is correspondingly increased, beginning with 'a charge composed entirely of the mixture, and ending with a charge composed entirnl;y of air. The total volume of the charge being thesarne,

ever the relative proportions of the mixture n and airii'iay be, the compression of the charge will remain constant or be the saine under such varying conditions, so thathigh compression may be produced with a smalltpiantity of explosive mixture, as well as with a large.'

Aquantity thereof, and a maximum thermal efficiency obteired under the varying conditions with charges comprising small as well as larger quantities of explosive mixture.

-As the explosive mixture will in iractice rarely if ever be entirely cut oil by ti lating'valve mechanism, the engine will be supplied at regular intervals with more'or less of the mixture according to the load or speed of the engine, and consequently there will be explosions atregular intervals or without intermission, as in the ordinary method olf operating and regulating engines of this c 'lhe explosions thus taking place at regular intervals without intermission, andtheir force being gradually diminished or increased to vary the speed of the engine or to maintain a constant speed with a varying load, the shocks and jars incident; to the method of regulation by intermitting explosions, of substantialiy constant force, are .-ivoidcd, and the engine. is made. to run smoothly and quietly.

The opera-tion of the engine as above explained is illustrated by the diagram in Fig. 9, in which 2 designates the compression line and 3, l and 5 expansion lines indicating charges of various proportions of the mixture and air, accordingr to the adjusti-n'ent of the regulating cylinder q.

Referrinir to Figs. 5 to S inclusive, a throttling cylinder i: is titted and adapted to turn between the valve m and the regulating cylinder q." It is formed with'ports 1,1 and 2, oorresponding and normally registering with the ports 1 and s of the regulating cylinder. It

y is provided at its outer end with an arm 6,

normally held by a spring 7 against a stop 8 on the valve case. 'lhisarin is arranged as shown in Fig.A S, in the path of the crank pin or a. projection of the arm t. The cheek valve 'u' is in this case located over a port at the inner end of the valve chamber j, and its stent passes axially through the regulating cylinder q and is guided at its outer end in a bonnet j attached to the outer end ol' the valve case and furnishinr ahearing for the inner end of the spring il, The engine with this` form of valve mechanism operates as follows: When the regulating cylinder is in its extreme position at the right as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, and the throttling cylinder is in its normal position with the arm tyresting against the stop S, a full charge of explosive mixture will be admitted into the cylinder a during the suction stroke of the piston, the air port reiiiainng closed. To decrease the speed of the engine with a constant load or to maintain its speed with a decreased lead, the

. tions of e'x lesive mixture and air in the degree ofcompression, substantially as herecylinder g is turned to the leit'automatically by the governor or pressure regulator, or manually, as hereinbefore explained. This operates to partially close tlie ports r and s without changing the relation of the ports y and z in the throttling cylinder .r to the ports o and p in the valve m. is the' valveis turned to the left during the suction stroke of the piston, explosive mixture is admittedas before to the cylinder, but it is throttled iii its passage through the restricted port s, and the volume of the charge is reduced. rlhis results in lower com iression and in explosions of less force. As tlie regulating cylinder is turned to the left the vforce of the ex lesions diminished in a greater degree t an the compression of the charges. The operation ol this form of the regulating mechanism to the extent above explained; is illustrated in the indicator diagram shown in Fi 10, by the compression lines 9, 10, 11, and t e corresponding expansion i Alines 12, 13 and l14. When the crank pin or projection of the arm t engages the arm-6 in the continued movement of the arm t to the left, the cylinder :c will be turned with the cylinder q`in the further movement of the latter to the left, and from this point on the movement of the two cylinders q and r together, operates as in the case of the valve and regulating mechanism show-n in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, to vary the pro porcliarges wit iout change in the total volume of the charges and without variation in the inbefore explained. This latter ope-ration of the modilied valve and regulatinv meel-ianism is illustrated by the diagramlig. 9, and also by the compression line 11 and the expansion lines 15 and 16 ofthe diagram Fig. 1 0.

Various chaniges in details of constructiony and arrangcinentof parts other than t'hose shown ant pointed out, maybe iii'hde with-v out departing from the principle and scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine the combination with a cylinder and pist-on, of a. cylindrical valve chamber havin(r separate air and explosive mixture stippl)r connections, a hollow oscillating valve httcd in said chamber andhaving ports in constant conimunication with said connections, a hollow regulating cylinder adapted toturn within said valve and having ports arranged to v; register one :it a time with the valve orts, I and means for adiusting said regu ating cylinder to vary the relative volumes of air and mixture admitted to the engine cylinder which lconinninicates with the interior of l said regulating cylinder, substantially as described.

2. ln an internal combustion engine the combination with a cylinder and piston,- of a 6E 'valvechamber,having separate airand exlosive mixture su lv connections ahollo'wf\, P P y cylindrical valve iitted to turn in said chamber and having ports communicatiinr with said connections, a connection with tie iston for rocking said valve, a regulating cy inder adapted to turn within said valve'and having )ort-s arranged to register one at a time witih the valve ports and to admit air in advance ofthe mixture into the engine cylinder, and means for turningsaid regulating cylinder to var v the relative. volumes of aiij and mixture, substantially as described. A

3. In an internal combustion engine the combination with a cylinder and piston of a valve chamber having separate air and explosive mixture supply connections, a hollow r "'lindrical valve littcd to turn in said cha-inber and having ports communicating with said connections, a connection' for rocking 86 said valve synchronously with the movement of the piston, a hollow regulatinvr c *lindercommunicating with the engine cy index' and having ports arranged to register one at a time with the ports in said valve, means for i adjusting said regulating cylinder to vary the proportions of air and mixture admitted into the engine cylinder, and an inwardly opening check valve in the passage between.

the regulating cvlinder and the engine cyiiuder, substantially as described.

4. In an internal combustion engine thev combination with the cylinder and piston, of i a eylindiical valve chamber having separate air and explosive mixture ,supply-r coiinec- 1040 tions, a cylindrical valve fitted in said chamber and having cation with sait connections, a connection for rocking said valve, a thiottling cylinder' Orts in constant commumfitted in said valve and having ports arranged to register one at a time with the portsin said valve, a regulating cylinder itted in said throttling cylinder and having ports coriespending with the ports therein, and means for turning said regulating cylinder te vary 11o the time of closing the airport and of open ing the mixture port, said regula-ting cylinder being capable of a limited movement with relation to the throttling cylinder for ,ar-

tially closingr the ports therein, substantially' 115 as describe( ln witness whereof, I hereto affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

oiL-tnLEs E. SrLtDALL.

Yi'itnesses: CnAs. L. Goss,

A. F. Wissr. Y l. 

